Comeback Town: Simple solution for a nagging Birmingham problem
This is an opinion column
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Today’s guest columnist is Daniel Christiansen.
A few months ago I settled into a seat in the Jones Valley Teaching Farm’s classroom for a “Cottage Food” class.
After receiving praise from neighbors for my homemade salsa, I was getting the certification in case an opportunity to start a home business presented itself.
Our friends and neighbors at Last Call Bakery, run by the now James Beard Semifinalist pastry chef Chanah Willis, had started from a similar class, and while I have no illusions of matching their quality, being able to provide a service to my community out of my own home certainly appealed.
The class itself was remarkable only for being filled with people with the unifying belief that each of us could run a small business out of our home, legally, without needing a second mortgage. But one little comment from the facilitator stuck in my head:
“Check your local zoning regulations about selling out of your home.”
When I pulled up the Birmingham zoning code and map, I found that I wouldn’t have any issues with running a small business out of my home or in my neighborhood.
But I also saw that I was likely in the minority in that regard; there are a large number of Birmingham residents that would be in violation of the zoning code if they tried the same.
Map of Birmingham zoning illustrating how Retail and Residential Uses are separated
Building this map showed me that neighborhood businesses are zoned out of about 67% of the areas with homes, and by extension the businesses that do exist can’t be within easy reach of the residents of those homes.
Even where residents and businesses are allowed to live side by side, about half are in areas requiring planned development.
In effect, residents in up to 84% of the city’s residential spaces are prohibited from having a grocery store, pharmacy, doctor’s office, or other neighborhood or home business serving their area. To my eye it seems that these laws are, if not the root cause, at least a major contributor to Birmingham’s food deserts.
Historically, food deserts didn’t exist. Stores opened up wherever people gathered in sufficient numbers that running one made sense. These amenities grew along with a neighborhood, supporting each other symbiotically. Other businesses, such as daycares, pharmacies, and doctor’s offices, would be attracted as the neighborhood grew.
But around the turn of the 20th century a movement to categorize and separate uses, among other things, created modern zoning.
When Birmingham adopted its first zoning code in 1926, along with more notorious actions, the code designated separate zones for residential and commercial activity.
Neighbors could no longer legally offer goods or services to the community out of their own home and stores were concentrated away from neighborhoods. With businesses located far from the vast majority of residences, traveling for essentials and entertainment became the norm.
As people had to travel further and more often to get what they needed, stores could similarly expect people to travel further. Large chains planned for people to travel across town, creating large asphalt parking lots, local stores died and the food deserts grew. National chains could outbid locals for commercial space and now, nearly a century later, few truly local businesses remain.
And the lack of local businesses has had its own consequences. My wife and I have lived in areas that are exclusively residential. While we’ve known neighbors, or at least their dogs, we’ve never really felt part of a community.
It’s far easier to stay home with a screen than to endure another drive across town to see friends. Now living along 2nd Ave N we have more interaction with our friends, neighbors, and community than we’ve ever had living elsewhere.
Walking our neighborhood to visit Protective Stadium, Sidewalk Cinema, the 2nd Ave restaurants, and Pepper Place, to name but a few, my wife and I see people we know nearly everywhere. While we could claim that it’s something unique to the people who live downtown, or just their numbers, I can’t help but notice that the neighborhood businesses create the reasons we have to be out and give us more opportunity to know our community.
I believe that in other areas of the city a couple of neighborhood businesses, if legalized, could easily do the same. Giving people additional opportunities to get out without a windshield between themselves and the community would build the sort of connections we all crave.
The random interactions that build relationships and camaraderie are catalyzed by a neighborhood coffee shop or grocer. And a neighborhood shop is far easier to start when you can run it out of your own home.
Starting a business isn’t easy, it takes planning and money to make it work. When trying to start a business it is considered smart to “fail fast and small” – better to know that an idea is a stinker before you put a lot of money and effort into it.
Money is a considerable barrier for many would-be Birmingham entrepreneurs; Commercial rent or a food truck are significant investments.
But when you can start out of your own home, you can start smaller and learn faster, and a new venture can emerge while also benefiting the neighborhood.
We can improve our neighborhoods.
We can build a better Birmingham.
We can be the ones to solve our own problems, erase the food deserts, care for our children and families, and build communities to be proud of. We can be the architects of our own success and prosperity.
We can do it ourselves, not waiting for money from the city, the county, the state, a charity, or a giant corporation to do it for us.
Changing Birmingham’s zoning code to allow home and neighborhood businesses, our own or built by friends and neighbors, to serve our communities, can set us along that path. I think we’ll be pleasantly surprised by what we can accomplish.
Daniel Christiansen serves on the Birmingham Planning Commission and as the president of the Central City Neighborhood Association. He works as an engineer and takes an interest in history and urban planning. He can often be found walking his three dogs around 2nd Ave N and the rest of downtown Birmingham.
David Sher is the founder and publisher of ComebackTown. He’s past Chairman of the Birmingham Regional Chamber of Commerce (BBA), Operation New Birmingham (REV Birmingham), and the City Action Partnership (CAP).
Invite David to speak for free to your group about how we can have a more prosperous metro Birmingham. [email protected]
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