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How Jay Crawford’s ultra-competitive football upbringing molded him into a freshman standout

On a warm September afternoon in Jordan-Hare Stadium, it felt like everything was going wrong for Auburn again.

Its Southeastern Conference opener against Arkansas was tied 7-7, but the offense already had four turnovers just over halfway through the fourth quarter and every chance it had to pull away was thwarted by mistake after mistake.

The defense was playing well, but against Arkansas and many of Auburn’s games during the 2024 season it had to be perfect. The secondary stood out most early in the game, starting with Champ Anthony putting one of the hits of the season on Arkansas’ Andrew Armstrong. But in a twisted turn of fate, Anthony went down in devastating fashion just a few plays later with a gruesome leg injury.

Auburn’s secondary was already going through an early-season shuffle, with Anthony, Antonio Kite and Keionte Scott all playing significant snaps at corner opposite Kayin Lee. After Anthony went down, though, Auburn was forced to turn to its freshmen, a group that was talented, but still unproven against SEC competition.

On a second-and-10 at the Arkansas 40-yard line, one of those freshmen emerged.

As Arkansas receiver CJ Williams made his break across the middle of the field on a slant route, Jay Crawford matched him stride-for-stride. When Taylen Green tried to connect with Williams, Crawford got there first to break up the pass, eliciting celebrations from three nearby teammates who greeted him after the play.

It wasn’t Crawford’s first action of the season, but it was his way of announcing himself to a broader audience in a conference matchup. He played just eight snaps in that Arkansas game, according to Pro Football Focus, but became a mainstay in the secondary by the next week and hasn’t looked back since.

It’s not common for a freshman corner to become an every-game starter in the SEC, but it all seemed to click for Crawford. If you ask Hugh Freeze, it’s Crawford’s ability to pick things up quickly and learn on the fly. If you ask team captain and fifth-year safety Jerrin Thompson, it’s Crawford’s confidence and technique.

But where do those traits come from for an 18-year-old playing against some of the best athletes in college football every week? Growing up in the ultra-talented and competitive metro Atlanta youth football scene, Crawford had no other choice but to pick them up.

Charles Lewis had a passion for coaching and developing young athletes. A father of athletes himself, he always wanted to be involved.

That passion led to him starting a 3,500-square foot, all-turf gym, giving the youth football players he coached and other athletes a place to train year-round.

Crawford was 5 years old when he and Lewis first crossed paths. It came while Crawford and Lewis’ son, Charles, were teammates on a youth basketball team, something Lewis said he was using to recruit players to his youth football team.

Lewis successfully recruited Crawford to his Gwinnett Chargers youth flag football team, playing in a league that was run by now Auburn Director of Recruiting Research and Strategy Kenyatta Watson. To say Crawford found early success would be an understatement.

“He was my quarterback that year, and I’m telling you – Jay never played football. He never touched a football. But one thing I always knew he was gonna make it, because every time he touched the ball, he was gone down the sideline,” Lewis said in an interview with AL.com.

It was the start of a high-profile youth football career for Crawford who later played for well-known local youth teams such as the Tucker Lions and Atlanta Bulldogs.

According to many people close to Crawford, those two teams were where he picked up many of the traits evident in his game today.

The stint with the Tucker Lions came first, a famous program in the area known for physicality – earning the nickname of the “hit squad” – and producing top talent. Crawford joined at age 7, quickly adapting to a uniquely intense level of football at that age.

“I think it set him up very well to be successful,” Crawford’s head coach at Tucker Lions Tony Maddox said. “We know, when they get older, their bodies probably can’t take it, so just teaching the way to hit and how to hit and hit every day, it helped them blossom.”

Photo courtesy of Jason CrawfordJason Crawford

Not only was the physicality on a different level, but so was the training. It was an experience that Maddox said, “taught [Crawford] how to work.” From tackling drills to intense workouts and conditioning, it was the type of training few kids that age went through.

Tucker was where Crawford played corner for the first time, but there were still other parts of his game to be developed at a young age, leading him to the Atlanta Bulldogs, a team coached by speed and agility trainer and former NFL wide receiver Hilton Alexander.

“Coach Hilton had a lot of fun out there,” Crawford’s father, Jason Crawford said. “So I think he put, when you see the smiling Jay, the fun, like the lively Jay, that’s what he did.”

Being a speed and agility trainer holding the “route king” nickname, Jay Crawford’s ball skills, conditioning, footwork and other technical aspects of his game developed under Alexander’s tutelage. Despite still not even being a teenager, Jay Crawford’s football schooling took another huge step while playing for Alexander.

“We were using high school terminology in youth ball. We practiced on a high school schedule in youth ball. Like, we had a script, he came up in that environment,” Alexander said. “When Jay get to high school and some of these other kids I coach, the high school coach will reach out and say, ‘Hey, man, I don’t know what y’all were doing with these kids, but thank you, because they’re so ahead of the game.’

“Now he’s comfortable. He’s not caught off guard when you speak a certain terminology, certain defense, stuff like, ‘Oh, I’m used to that already, man.’ We watched film. We break film down about our opponent. We would break film of our games, correct certain things and really teach these kids up the right way. We did it on both sides of the ball as well as special teams. So now, when you say that he’s able to come in quickly and adapt, I’m not surprised.”

When asked about Crawford’s quick development prior to the Vanderbilt game, Freeze mentioned how all the moving parts within the scheme and applying correct technique is a process for freshmen corners.

“He’s getting better and better each week with, ‘All right, man, I’ve got to play outside tip right here or I need to play inside top right here or I’ve got to play off here or I need to play press-bail here,’” Freeze said.

It has hardly looked like Crawford has missed a beat on Saturdays, having only allowed 10 catches for 79 yards this season, according to Pro Football Focus. His 82.1 coverage grade is also the highest on the team.

What makes those numbers even more impressive is the fact that almost all of Crawford’s playing time has come in SEC play. But given the level of competition Crawford grew up playing, his youth coaches aren’t surprised by that aspect of his adaptability either.

Georgia has long been known as a talent-rich state, with the Atlanta metro area being the epicenter. Thirty-four players from Georgia made the top 300 of the 247Sports composite rankings in the 2024 recruiting class, with 16 coming from in and around Atlanta.

To give perspective on what that meant for the youth football scene that Crawford played in, Maddox estimated that the top three teams in the league Tucker Lions played in while Crawford was playing produced 30-40 Division I players.

“You really just got to know how to fight 11- on-11. It’s the biggest king of the hill,” Lewis said. “To me, it’s not all the way football. It’s more survival because you know them dads, man, they don’t play. Man, and them coaches, you know hood ball coaches, they don’t play. So, man, you gotta be willing. You gotta be ready to fight.”

Jay Crawford

Photo courtesy of Jason CrawfordJason Crawford

One could argue the same could be said about the SEC. Ten games into his freshman season, Crawford has survived and then some.

When asked about the early opportunity, Crawford described it as a “dream come true.” For his father and youth coaches that helped push him through his football upbringing, Crawford’s early success is a source of pride.

For Auburn, Crawford and many of his freshman teammates’ success is an early return on investment from a top 10 recruiting class in 2024. While the overall team success hasn’t caught up yet, Auburn has a potential top five class for 2025 in the works.

Crawford hopes his quick success and early opportunities can be a pitch for current recruits that could follow him at Auburn. And to those players, his message is simple.

“Just hang on,” Crawford said. “We’re going to flip the switch. It’s coming.”

Peter Rauterkus covers Auburn sports for AL.com. You can follow him on X at @peter_rauterkus or email him at [email protected]m

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Walmart has a 215-piece tool set on sale for less than $100

Here’s the perfect gift for the DIY mechanic in your life.

Walmart.com has HART’s 215-piece chrome finish mechanic tool set on sale for $98, a savings of $60 from the regular price of $158. The best-selling set comes in a durable case with metal latches and barrel hinges, plus additional storage space for maximum versatility.

You can order your set here.

Here’s all you need to know about the tool set:

Comprehensive collection of tools

The HART 215-Piece Mechanics Tool Set is designed for both the DIY mechanic and professionals alike. It weighs 34.4 lbs and has dimensions of 21 inches in length, 14.50 inches in width, and 12.50 inches in height. Constructed from chrome, the set features a comprehensive collection of tools, including 1/4″ drive and 3/8″ drive 6 point sockets, which come in both standard and deep well forms, along with 1/2″ 12 point sockets. Additionally, the set includes specialized tools such as star bits and a variety of hex bit sockets. The 90-tooth ratchets facilitate quick operation and enhanced access in tight spaces. A quick-release feature ensures superior socket retention, while the entire chrome finish provides rust resistance, maintaining the tools’ appearance and functionality over time.

Improved efficiency

One notable feature of the HART 215-Piece Mechanics Tool Set is its 90-tooth ratchet design, allowing for up to 20% more access in tight spaces compared to traditional 72-tooth ratchets. This functionality drastically improves efficiency when working in confined areas, making it an excellent choice for complex automotive repairs or other intricate mechanical tasks.

Rugged case

The tool set comes housed in a rugged case featuring metal latches and barrel hinges, which not only enhances portability but also provides additional storage space for other tools, ensuring that everything remains organized and easily accessible. This thoughtful design caters to the needs of customers who value both capacity and convenience in their tool storage solutions.

All the details

  • Product Name: HART 215-Piece Mechanics Tool Set, Multiple Drive, Chrome Finish
  • Brand: HART
  • Weight: 34.4 lbs
  • Dimensions: 21″ x 14.50″ x 12.50″
  • Material: Chrome
  • Tools Included: 1/4″ drive 6 point sockets (standard and deep well), 3/8″ drive 6 point sockets (standard and deep well), 1/2″ 12 point sockets, star bits, hex bit sockets
  • Ratchet Type: 90-tooth ratchet
  • Quick-Release Feature: Yes
  • Finish: Full chrome finish for rust resistance
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Back’s big game on the road earns Week 13 Coastal Player of the Week honor

The Week 13 Cunningham Bounds Coastal Player of the Week had a huge night in a big road win in the second round of the playoffs last week.

Junior running back Noah Moss of St. Michael earned 14,563 votes – 63 percent of the 23,039 total ballots – to take the top spot in the voting from Week 2 of the Alabama High School Athletic Association state playoffs. The 6-foot-1, 190-pounder ran for 237 yards and 4 touchdowns on 37 carries in a 38-24 win over No. 2 Pleasant Grove in the Class 4A playoffs. Moss also had 5 catches for 38 yards and had a strip sack and fumble recovery on defense.

The No. 6 Cardinals (11-1) will travel to the Birmingham area again this week to play 9-3 Fairfield for a shot at the semifinals.

Vigor quarterback Dylan Jackson, subbing for the injured Sammy Dunn, got 5,233 votes – 23 percent – to finish second in the balloting. Jackson threw 3 touchdown passes as the No. 3 Wolves blanked Eufaula 19-0 on the road last week.

Vigor, 11-1 on the season, will host UMS-Wright (6-6) this week in the quarterfinals.

UMS-Wright defensive back David Lott blocked an extra point that proved to be the difference in the Bulldogs’ 7-6 win over Andalusia last week. Lott, a 5-9, 138-pound junior, also intercepted a pass in the defensive struggle.

Watch for the weekly nominees on Sundays this fall and be sure to cast your vote each week.

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Family sought for 58-year-old man found dead in Irondale home

Authorities are looking for family members of a man who died earlier this month in Irondale.

Marion Allen Mosley, 58, was found dead Nov. 4 inside his home. Police made the discovery during a welfare check requested by a concerned neighbor.

Jefferson County Chief Deputy Coroner Bill Yates said Mosley’s cause of death is pending, but there was no sign of trauma or foul play.

Mosley’s body is ready to be released for burial but coroner’s officials have not been able to locate his relatives.

Mosley listed previous Alabama addresses in Birmingham, Anniston, Gadsden, Moody, Thomasville and Tuscaloosa, and Georgia addresses in Macon and Taylorsville.

Family members are asked to call the coroner’s office at 205-930-3603.

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Verne Lundquist on Alabama, Tiger Woods, Happy Gilmore

Some of the most iconic calls in sports history belong to Verne Lundquist. The longtime voice of the SEC on CBS, Verne has seen just about every major rivalry in college football. But he says no fanbases hate each other like Alabama and Auburn (and few fanbases like to accuse him of rooting against their team as they do). And as beloved as he is for his football announcing, Verne’s calls for The Masters, like the iconic Tiger Woods call, also stand the test of time. And, of course, there’s his scene stealing cameo in Happy Gilmore.

This week on The Golden Age with Eli Gold, we’re joined by Lundquist, Eli’s good friend and fellow broadcasting legend. Verne shares some of his favorite memories from his legendary career and talks about his special relationship with Nick Saban. He also confirms that he’ll appear in Happy Gilmore 2 and shares stories from behind the scenes. Have you ever seen anything like that?

Beat Everyone is available on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts. Follow the show on your favorite platform to automatically receive new episodes every Tuesday and Thursday. Beat Everyone is brought to you by Broadway Joe’s Fantasy Sports.

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These Alabama Winn-Dixies are set to become Aldi grocery stores

There are currently more than half a dozen Winn-Dixies throughout the state that have currently started the process of or will soon close to become Aldi stores.

Last year, Aldi acquired Winn-Dixie and Harveys from Jacksonville, Fla.-based Southeastern Grocers. The deal includes grocery store locations across Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana and Mississippi.

The company announced at the time that some of the 39 Winn-Dixie locations in Alabama will be rebranded as Aldi stores, while others will continue to operate as Winn-Dixie.

But currently, only seven stores have been publicly announced in the lineup for Alabama.

“As we work through this transition period, conversion plans are still being finalized, and we will share more information as it becomes available,” Winn-Dixie spokesperson Rachel Higgins wrote in an email to AL.com.

“We appreciate the support and understanding of our valued associates, customers and communities throughout this process.”

The stores that have already been closed and are already undergoing renovations include:

Northport: 10 McFarland Boulevard

Pinson: 4701 Centerpoint Road

Bessemer: 2910 Morgan Road, Suite 128

Semmes: 9082 Moffett Road

Mobile: 1550 Government Street

Auburn: 1617 South College Street

According to an email from Aldi’s PR team, the store located at 1061 U.S. Hwy, 280 East in Alexander City will also close for renovations in the coming months.

“While these stores are temporarily closed, we continue to proudly serve residents across Alabama at our other area stores,” the email reads.

“We thank our customers for their years of loyalty and look forward to seeing them soon as a new ALDI.”

“Associates at these locations have the opportunity to be the first to apply to newly converted ALDI stores. In addition, ALDI is committed to doing its best to minimize the impact and provide support and opportunities to associates at converting stores, including the option to remain with Winn-Dixie and transfer to a neighboring store.”

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Which way should your ceiling fan turn in the winter to keep a room warm?

Cold weather means it’s time to adjust your ceiling fan and – hopefully – save a little on heating bills.

In the summer, ceiling fans should operate counterclockwise to circulate the air in a room to create a draft. In the winter, the direction should be reversed to clockwise and set on a low speed to move warm air from the ceiling to the living levels of the space. Typically, changing the direction can be done by flipping a switch on the fan itself.

You should be able to adjust your thermostat down a few degrees when using your ceiling fan, saving some on energy bills. According to the Department of Energy, changing the direction of the blades on a fan can save up to 15% on winter energy bills and up to 30% on summer costs.

Ceiling fans are only appropriate in rooms with ceilings at least 8 feet high and work best when the blades are 7-9 feet above the floor and 10-12 inches below the ceiling. Fans should be installed so their blades are no closer than 8 inches from the ceiling and 18 inches from the walls, according to the Department of Energy.

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Man charged with child sexual abuse tried to take investigator’s gun, Baldwin County sheriff says

A Mississippi native has been arrested by the Baldwin County Sheriff’s Office for allegedly sexually abusing a child.

In a press release, BCSO said that Cordairo Samuel Oneal McCall, 37, was arrested Wednesday after an interview with the Criminal Investigation Division.

The department says that during the arrest McCall resisted and attempted to disarm an investigator.

McCall was charged with sexual abuse of a child less than 12 years old and attempting to disarm a law enforcement officer. McCall is being held on a $35,000 bond.

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UA spent 8 years, $121 million saving historic Bryce Hospital. The outcome is stunning

Once known as one of the nation’s finest medical facilities to treat the mentally ill, the old Bryce Hospital building now houses a state-of-the-art student Welcome Center on the Tuscaloosa campus of the University of Alabama.

In 2016, I toured the facility after the majority of buildings were razed, leaving only its original administration building and four wings. It was creepy and fascinating to see its features taken down to the studs and being restored for a new purpose. Obsolete medical equipment was scattered, patient rooms were stripped, floors had been removed and piles of bricks were everywhere.

The interior of the 1861 Bryce Hospital when renovations began in 2016. This photo shows the floor removed so you can see the doorways to the old patient rooms from the basement.Kelly Kazek

At the time, the university’s facilities planner hoped the $121 million renovation would be completed by 2020. The pandemic and other issues delayed progress and Randall Welcome Center and a Museum of Mental Health opened in January 2024.

I recently was able to tour the main building again and was impressed with the rescue of this important building that’s listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Museum of Mental Health

A display at the Museum of Mental Health inside the old Bryce Hospital, which is now Randall Welcome Center at the University of Alabama. This display shows an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) shock machine used at Bryce Hospital in the 1960s when doctors thought this type of treatment was beneficial in treating mental illnessKelly Kazek

Eight years after my first tour, much of the work is completed but the massive rotunda and the wings sprouting from the main building are still under construction. Some of that space will be used for offices of faculty and staff for UA’s Department of Theatre and Dance, said Matthew McLendon, Ph.D., executive director of UA Enrollment Management, whose department is housed in the building.

Randall Welcome Center

The ceilings of the porches at Randall Welcome Center, the former 1861 Bryce Hospital, are painted “haint” blue, a Southern tradition meant to keep out evil spirits.Kelly Kazek

Bryce Hospital gets new life

The hospital opened in 1861 as the Alabama Insane Hospital, sometimes written Alabama Hospital for the Insane, and was later renamed for its founding physician Peter Bryce. Legend says Bryce and his family watched from the building’s rotunda as Union troops burned the campus in 1865.

Peter Bryce was a progressive doctor and his hospital was established as a place where patients with mental illness or addiction were housed in beautiful surroundings and performed therapeutic work in a pastoral setting. It was designed using the then-popular Kirkbride Plan, with staggered wings to allow the maximum sunlight for patients.

To provide a sense of purpose, patients would do chores on the farms or in other areas of the hospital until, in the mid-20th century, courts ruled that patients could not be made to work. The hospital was named one of the five best in the world in the 1880s.

Museum of Mental Health

A Museum of Mental Health is located on the second floor of Randall Welcome Center at the University of Alabama. The museum and Welcome Center take up a portion of the 1861 Bryce Hospital Administration Building, which has been extensively renovated. It opened in January 2024.Kelly Kazek

At its largest in the 1970s, the 168-acre hospital compound included farms with crops and livestock, kitchens, doctors’ and nurses’ quarters, parlors for visitors, patient rooms, a community room for dancing and parties, and quarters for the superintendent. Bryce and his family lived on the top floor of the administrative building during his time there. “Ripley’s Believe It or Not” once listed Bryce Hospital as having the longest roofline in the world.

Bryce Hospital in 2016

The interior of the rotunda of the 1861 Bryce Hospital when renovations began in 2016.Kelly Kazek

The hospital closed in 2014 and patients were moved to a new mental health center nearby. The old property and buildings were purchased by the University of Alabama for use as a welcome and for office for the performing arts department.

MORE: A look at Bryce in historic photos

The majority of the 1861 administration building was used to create the Randall Welcome Center, where students come when they first visit the university.

The center is named for the late Pettus Randall and his wife, Dr. Catherine J. Randall. It features “areas for prospective students to gather for campus tours, a lounge, theater and UA admissions offices” in its 15,000 square feet, the UA website says.

Randall Welcome Center

The wrought-iron stair railing with rose design was restored from the 1861 Bryce Hospital for use in the new Randall Welcome Center at the University of Alabama.Kelly Kazek

McLendon said the center has been well-received.

“The response from prospective students, families and guests have been overwhelmingly positive,” McLendon said. “The Randall Welcome Center provides the opportunity for guests to learn about many different aspects of the university through engaging and interactive content delivery platforms. Both students and guests have commented on how impressive the facility is and how the information provided in the interactive space is helpful to learn more about UA.”

In 2016, the hospital’s original administration building and wings were taken down to the studs to begin renovation for the Welcome Center. See the 2016 photos here.

Museum of Mental Health

The Museum of Mental Health inside the old Bryce Hospital, which is now the Randall Welcome Center at the University of Alabama. This display shows the silverware engraved with “AIH” (Alabama Insane Hospital) and photos of Dr. Peter Bryce and his wife, Ellen.Kelly Kazek

Honoring the history

The hospital’s exterior has been lovingly restored and the original wrought-iron stair railing with a rose design was saved.

“Throughout the building, many of the original features were either preserved or recreated,” McLendon said. “There was a lot of effort and planning that went into the overall project. In the central pavilion is a cast iron staircase from the early period of the hospital’s existence that has been refurbished and relocated within that part of the building. Throughout the building, reclaimed wood from the original building now makes up several areas of flooring and was even used for office signage. Most of the central part of the building along with the space in the west wings were preserved in the same floorplan that was in place when the hospital was operational.”

Museum of Mental Health

A nurse’s uniform and other artifacts in the Museum of Mental Health inside the 1861 Bryce Hospital, which now also houses Randall Welcome Center at the University of Alabama.Kelly Kazek

The museum, created to honor the building’s history, was beautifully designed and curated by the Alabama Department of Mental Health.

“Everyone from prospective students and families to general visitors to the building have taken advantage of being able to visit that space,” McLendon said.

Museum of Mental Health

Architectural salvage from the 1861 Bryce Hospital is on display at the Museum of Mental Health. The museum is located inside the old hospital building, which now also houses Randall Welcome Center at the University of Alabama.Kelly Kazek

Steve Davis, historian for the ADMH, was largely responsible for the museum, McLendon said. In a 2016 interview with AL.com, Davis said when he worked at Bryce in the 1970s, people would arrive asking for tours of the hospital that was the subject of many local tales. When visitors began interfering with the staff’s work, Davis set up a small museum in the parlor and dining room of the old superintendent’s home, which is now gone. The collection was later moved to the main building in the 1980s and now much of it is on display to allow the public to come in and learn about the history of mental health in Alabama.

The museum is free to visit and well worth your time.

Bryce Hospital in 2016

The interior of the 1861 Bryce Hospital when renovations began in 2016.Kelly Kazek

Exhibits include a vintage nurse’s uniform, a set of silverware engraved “AIH,” an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) shock machine used at Bryce Hospital in the 1960s when doctors thought this type of treatment was beneficial in treating mental illness, an antique wooden wheelchair, metal markers removed by vandals from patients’ graves at Bryce Cemetery, medical kits, models of the hospital property, architectural remnants and much more.

The museum also includes a piece of an original door jamb from the main buildings that was signed by carpenters. It said: “A. Anderson, superintendent of Philadelphia carpenters who worked on this institution in the month of August 1860/T. Districh/T. David/W. Whellan/Jeff Jacham/Jackson Bryers.”

Museum of Mental Health

This display in the Museum of Mental Health shows cast-iron markers that student vandals removed from Bryce Cemetery. Etched with AIH, they once marked the graves of patients who died while in Bryce Hospital.Kelly Kazek

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Native Americans won back millions of acres. Here’s how Trump could take them away

For Indigenous people, Native American Heritage Month carries a different weight this year.

Since 1990, November has been a time for America’s first people to share their culture, traditions, music, crafts, dance, and ways of life. These cultural practices have experienced a renaissance in the past 15 years amid a wave of historic victories that have consolidated and returned millions of acres of Native American land, strengthening environmental protection and advancing the fight against climate change.

While these gains are monumental, they are not immune to political shifts.

As Native Americans honor traditions deeply rooted in the land and environment, recent progress faces serious threats under a second Donald Trump presidency. His plans to dismantle environmental protections, combined with cabinet appointments aligned with the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025—a sweeping 922-page conservative policy agenda—could threaten tribal sovereignty. The agenda includes the potential opening of federally managed public lands of cultural significance to tribes to fossil fuel extraction.

“Under Project 2025, and a Trump administration, we will go backwards,” said Judith LeBlanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance and member of Oklahoma’s Caddo Nation. “At this point, our main obstacle to practicing our belief systems is climate change, energy extraction, and the selling off of public lands.”

15 years of land progress

Over the last decade, the momentum of the Land Back movement, which promotes the return of traditional Indigenous lands to communal ownership, has gained momentum alongside federal programs like the Land Buy-Back Program for Tribal Nations, which began under the Obama administration following the 2009 settlement of Cobell v. Salazar.

The landmark class action lawsuit highlighted decades of mismanagement that cost Native American individuals and tribes billions of dollars held in trust. The case underlined how, even in the modern era, the U.S. government was still fighting against Indigenous groups, trying to right the wrongs of the past.

The government settled the case for $3.4 billion, with $1.5 billion going to individual tribes and members and $1.9 billion helping consolidate over 3 million acres of Native lands in 15 states. The program restored fractionated native lands—individual allotments created by the Dawes Act of 1887 and later divided among multiple heirs in later years—to tribal trust ownership, making it easier for tribes to develop and protect their lands.

“The checkboard system of land ownership on many reservations historically left communities and landowners unable to make basic decisions about their homelands,” said during a speech formally ending the program in Dec. 2023. “The Land Buy-Back Program’s progress puts the power back in the hands of tribal communities to determine how their lands are used — from conservation to economic development projects.”

Growing movement for land return

FILE – Wolf Ramerez of Houston, Texas, center, joins others with the Carrizo Comecrudo Tribe of Texas in holding up his fists as indigenous and environmental activists protest in front of the White House in Washington, Oct. 11, 2021. A U.S. Supreme Court ruling expanding state authority to prosecute some crimes on Native American land is upending decades of law in support of tribal sovereignty. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)AP

The federal scheme accelerated the Land Back movement’s goal of returning lands to Indigenous control, strengthening tribal sovereignty, and enabling tribes to exercise self-determination over their lands.

The movement has led to numerous municipalities, states, and the federal government returning land that once belonged to tribes. Nick Tilsen, an Oglala Lakota president of the NDN Collective, an Indigenous group spearheading the Land Back movement, called it “a war cry for the liberation of Indigenous people.”

Since 2003, at least 100 tribal land recoveries have occurred involving over 70 federally recognized tribes, an intertribal coalition, and six Indigenous-owned land trusts, according to research by Kalen Goodluck, a Diné, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Tsimshian journalist and photographer based in Albuquerque, N. Mex.

Goodluck found tribes recovered around 420,000 acres between 2003 and Sept. 2023., through private donations, transfers from land conservancies, land title purchases, and federal and state legislation.

Tribes have reclaimed ancestral lands in Illinois, Virginia, Oregon, New York, Minnesota, and California.

In the summer 2023, on the 5th anniversary of California’s apology to Native American people, the state transferred over 2,800 acres of ancestral land to the Shasta Indian Nation and the 40-acre Mount Whitney Fish Hatchery to the Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians, marking the first such transfer under a new state directive. The Yurok Tribe of Northern California reclaimed 125 acres along the Klamath River, strengthening salmon habitats and ceremonial practices.

Some land transfers have been tiny but significant. In 2023, a water advocacy group representing three California tribes bought a five-acre property from Three Creeks healing retreat. Meanwhile, a private resident in Altadena, Los Angeles County, returned one acre to Tongva Tribe descendants after 200 years.

Environmental benefits to Indigenous stewardship

The land returned to Indigenous stewardship isn’t just a victory for Native communities; it benefits the environment on a broader scale. Tribal lands are often managed with sustainability in mind, blending traditional ecological knowledge with modern science.

The Yurok Tribe’s work to restore salmon populations in the Klamath River, which runs through southern Oregon and northern California, demonstrates this approach. The tribe spent decades advocating for the removal of dams to revive fish habitats and repair regional biodiversity. The last of four dams is scheduled for removal at the end of 2024.

Researchers spotted the first salmon in 112 years in the Klamath River basin last October.

“The return of our relatives, the c’iyaal’s, is overwhelming for our tribe,” said Klamath Tribes Secretary, using the Klamath-Modoc word for salmon. “This is what our members worked for and believed in for so many decades. The salmon are just like our tribal people, and they know where home is and returned as soon as they were able.”

Trump’s 2016 and 2024 environmental policy plans

Chris Farthing

FILE – In this Aug. 10, 2005 file photo, tourist Chris Farthing from Suffolks County, England, takes a picture of Anasazi ruins in Chaco Culture National Historical Park in New Mexico. The preservation and protection of Native American cultural sites would be a priority of U.S. land managers under one of the options up for consideration as they work to amend an outdated guide for management of oil and gas drilling across a sprawling area of northwestern New Mexico. (AP Photo/Jeff Geissler, File)AP

These practices contrast sharply with the fossil fuel industries likely to dominate federal land policy under a Trump administration. Trump has made no secret of his plans to prioritize oil, gas, and mining projects that, research shows, lead to long-term ecological harm, from polluted waterways to destruction of habitats.

For clues on what effect Trump will have on the Native American community in his second term, just look at his first. Between 2016 and 2020, Trump oversaw sweeping changes to federal land management policies, many of which disproportionately affected Native American lands.

Leadership roles within the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Department of the Interior were filled by individuals who bypassed Congressional vetting. Trump ended the annual White House Tribal Nations Conference, a hallmark of Obama’s administration for eight years.

Early in his presidency, Trump issued executive orders and memorandums rolling back critical public lands and wildlife protections. His America First energy agenda fast-tracked contentious projects like the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines, both of which faced fierce and prolonged resistance from Native communities and their supporters. Additionally, Trump slashed the Bears Ears National Monument—an Indigenous-driven initiative—by 85%, undermining its status as a landmark in collaborative land stewardship.

While Native American issues were not a prominent feature of Trump’s 2024 campaign, his broader policy priorities pose significant risks. These include the potential repeal of the Antiquities Act of 1906, a cornerstone of American conservation law used to establish national monuments, many protecting sacred Indigenous sites.

Project 2025, which Trump has repeatedly distanced himself from, explicitly calls for expanded oil and gas development on public lands. These policies could have catastrophic consequences for areas like the Chaco Cultural Historic National Park in New Mexico, where tribal leaders have fought for decades to prevent oil and gas leasing within a 10-mile radius of the park. President Joe Biden ordered a 20-year ban on drilling around the park in 2023 and restricted oil production in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, home to the Gwich’in people.

These protections are fragile. Trump could revoke past executive orders, and federal agencies like the Bureau of Land Management and the Environmental Protection Agency face significant protection rollbacks under a Trump administration guided by Project 2025.

North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum, one of the wealthiest politicians in the country, could play a central role in Trump’s policy overhaul if confirmed as the next Interior Secretary. As governor, Burgum championed strong pro-fossil fuel policies and would manage U.S. federal lands, including national parks and wildlife refuges, and oversee relations with 574 federally recognized Native American tribes as Secretary of the Interior.

Burgum would also lead a new energy council seeking to establish U.S. “energy dominance” worldwide, including managing Bureau of Land Management oil and gas leases, which slowed considerably under Biden.

“He’s long advocated for rolling back critical environmental safeguards to let polluters profit,” the Sierra Club said on Nov. 15. “Doug Burgum’s ties to the fossil fuel industry run deep and, if confirmed to this position, he will surely continue Donald Trump’s efforts to sell out our public lands to his polluter pals. Our lands are our nation’s greatest treasure, and the Interior Department is charged with their protection.”

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