What is a ‘sexually explicit’ book? What Alabama’s new rule means for libraries
Library directors must move “sexually explicit” content from children and teen sections to the adult section “effective immediately,” according to a May 12 letter from the state library board chair.
The Alabama Public Library Service board of trustees unanimously accepted a definition of sexually explicit content on May 8. Librarians say the new definition means they will need to move some common children and young adult books that include nudity or risk losing state funding.
According to the new policy, “sexually explicit” content is “actual or simulated sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; Sexual excitement; Nudity; Bestiality; Masturbation; Sadistic or masochistic abuse; or Lascivious exhibition of the anus, genital or pubic area of any person.”
The definition comes directly from the Alabama Code, Section 13A, which defines sexual conduct for material in adult bookstores.
Board member Amy Minton provided AL.com this definition in March 2024.
The definition includes books such as “Gender Queer,” a graphic novel about the author’s exploration of gender identity. The book includes three scenes of sexual intercourse, including a scene depicted on a piece of artwork. Several Alabama libraries moved the book to the adult section or removed it from the library entirely, even though it was shelved in the adult section.
Alabama Public Library Service board member Amy Minton discusses the book Gender Queer with board president John Wahl.Williesha Morris
Minton brought a copy of the book to show the board to emphasize this book is still available in the young adult section at Gadsden Public Library.
Another book with sexual content that has caused controversy across the state include “Sold,” a book about human trafficking by Patricia McCormick. A Mobile Public Library patron challenged the book in 2023, and it’s one of the books holding up funding for Fairhope Public Library.
Fairhope physician Dr. Caleb Whitehead works with child victims of sexual assault and was disappointed to hear that books like “Sold” were being challenged.
“I am thrilled that some have lived such comically sheltered lives to have found two to three sentences on sexual assault some of the most vulgar material they have ever encountered,” Whitehead said during the board meeting. “Unfortunately, however, most children live in the real world. In the real world, one in nine girls and one in 20 boys are or will become victims of sexual abuse.”
Librarians told AL.com that many books, especially in the teen or young adult sections, have nudity, including popular books like “Ender’s Game” and “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire.” But nudity in those books typically isn’t considered problematic, and is appropriate to the overall context of the book, they said.
Children’s books such as “Where’s Waldo?” could be deemed sexually explicit because one book features a nude butt. “In the Night Kitchen,” written by famed children’s author Maurice Sendak, also includes a naked behind. Sendak’s book has ended up on banned books lists in several states, according to the American Library Association.
“Vast swathes of the collections in Alabama’s public libraries teen and childrens’ departments fit this vague definition of ‘sexually explicit’ as outlined by APLS Executive Board,” said Matthew Layne, the O’Neal Public Library director in Mountain Brook. “These books will thus need to be moved to the libraries’ adult departments thereby forcing young children to browse for titles amongst material very much intended for adults.”
“The lack of public discussion on the part of the board regarding the pros and cons of the implementation of this vague definition is sad and disheartening,” Layne said. “The APLS Executive Board time and again reveals that they are more concerned with injecting Alabama’s phenomenal public libraries with their personal biases rather than serving the greater good of the libraries and all of the state’s library patrons.”
At Thursday’s meeting board chair and GOP head John Wahl said that if libraries “are worried about defunding, there’s a very simple solution. It is in your hands. It is not us who are defunding you. It is your choice. To intentionally disobey state code is the only thing that would cause defunding. And I encourage you, strongly, any library directors out there look at the state code, comply with it, and there is nothing to worry about.”
The APLS board is now considering asking librarians to move any books with transgender characters to the adult section.
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